INCREASED VIRULENCE OF PUCCINIA CORONATA F. SP.AVENAE POPULATIONS THROUGH ALLELE FREQUENCY CHANGES AT MULTIPLE PUTATIVE AVR LOCI.

Increased virulence of Puccinia coronata f. sp.avenae populations through allele frequency changes at multiple putative Avr loci.

Pathogen populations are expected to evolve virulence traits in response to resistance deployed in agricultural settings.However, few temporal datasets have been available to characterize this process at the population level.Here, we examined two temporally separated populations of Puccinia coronata f.sp.avenae (Pca), which causes crown rust diseas

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Thermodynamic performance analysis of the double effect absorption-vapour compression cascade refrigeration cycle

Absorption refrigeration cycles, the developed as an alternative to vapour-compression refrigeration cycles they are not effective at low temperatures.When the absorption and vapour compression cycles are combined as cascade the consumed compressor work can be reduced considerably, but it requires the use of heat energy at low temperature (solar en

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